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303256154085002 I BCV6 n LESSON 1 - The Commands: Disk, Ring, Go, Clear. m1IBMD60SC.45D15R35HF9SV n CYCLOID is a Spirograph(TM) simulator that lets you draw amazing designs. This tutorial will demonstrate many features of CYCLOID. Simply follow along and hit a key when you have read and understood each message. At any time you may hit the Escape Key to stop the tutorial and practice the things you have learned. Then, when you are ready to continue with the tutorial, type "?". You may then start the tutorial from the beginning or continue where you left off; GP.5HF+2GP.2HF+2G n. CIBP1.7HF1SC.75MD20R44HM3HL0.4n CYCLOID will create colorful works of art for you with a very little effort. The commands are not difficult to master and you will learn to create your own masterpieces in no time. The first commands you will need to learn are (D)isk, (R)ing, (G)o, and (C)lear. (C)lear simply clears the screen. Hit C to use it; Gn. CIm16n(G)o draws your designs. BP.7R21HF13GBm1nTo create a design, you must assign a number to Disk and Ring. D2R100CISC.75Gn With a spirograph, you use a plastic ring, which you pin down onto the paper; m2n. BSC.15MD60R30Gn And a disk that has holes for your pen; Im1n. nYou spin the disk inside the ring to draw a design. D15 n"Disk gears 15" means the disk has fifteen gear teeth around its edge. nThis number determines the Disk's size, relative to the Ring. nI will now set Disk to 20 and Ring to 100. BHF3SC.75T180BD20nDisk gears [15]: 20 (I typed D 20 [Return]). R100nRing gears [30]: 100 (Now I typed R 100 [Return]). nNow to draw a design I just hit G (for Go). GnNotice this design has 5 sides (cuz 100 is 5 times 20). HF5R50GnHere is another 5-sided design, with 50 Ring gears. n Ordinarily you should set Disk and Ring settings somewhere between 10 gears and 200 gears. And Disk should be smaller than Ring (or the disk won't fit inside the ring). nHere are some more examples. BD100nDisk gears [20]: 100 (I typed D 100 [Return]). R300nRing gears [100]: 300 (I typed R 300 [Return]). nI will clear the screen with a C. CnNow "G" draws the design. IHF3GnNotice that big numbers draw very slowly. HF5D3nDisk gears [100]: 3 (I typed D 3 [Return]). R13nRing gears [300]: 13 (I typed R 13 [Return] and now G for Go). GnSmall numbers draw quickly but lack smooth curves. nWith a real spirograph, you can also spin the disk outside the Ring. nWith CYCLOID, just give Disk a negative number, like this... D-20nI typed D -20 [Return]. R90HF1CGnDisk now has -20 gears. BSND2R90HF3GMD84SC.16R30GnWhen Disk is negative, it draws outside the Ring. MU136GR90D-20IBSND20HF15G nWhen Disk is positive it draws inside the ring. CInExperiment with these commands: Disk, Ring, Go, and Clear That concludes Lesson 1: Hit Esc now and play with these commands a while, Then hit "?" when you are ready to to continue with this tutorial. n. ICHF7MU45V-7 n LESSON 2 - The Commands: Pen, Move, Turn, Oval. BMD90n There are other ways to change your design besides Disk and Ring. Remember how the disk in a spirograph had different holes for your pen? The (P)en command lets you choose which hole to put the pen in; HF13D20R35SC.6Gn(G)o drew this, with Pen at its original value of 1. n ; G1HF1Bm3n"Pen 1" means the pen is at the outside edge of the disk. P0n"Pen 0" means the pen is in the center of the disk. nWatch as I try different Pen positions. P.6 nPen [1]: .6 (I typed P .6 [Return]). HF3GnThe sharp points of the design are becoming rounded. Bn You would expect the designs to get smaller as you move the pen closer to the middle. But these designs will all be the same size because CYCLOID will automatically make every design fill the whole screen. Later I will teach you how to change the size. P.3nPen [.6]: .3 (The pen will now be closer to the center of the disk). HF7GP0nPen [.3]: 0 (When Pen is 0 you get a circle). HF9 GnYou can also make Pen greater than 1. That puts the pen outside the disk!. P1.7HF15BnPen [0]: 1.7 Now I type G to go. GnYou couldn't do this with a real spirograph. CInThat is all you need to know about Pen. Now let's make some moves. m4 nThere are two ways to move the design, with the arrow keys or by the number. nType M and you will see a crosshair in the center of the screen. D13R16IP1.4CGMR999 nYou can use the arrows to move the crosshairs and hit [Return] when done. nHitting + or - changes the speed for moving. nOr you can move by the number. Type M. nMove direction (Up, Down, Right, Left)? (Now hit L to move left). nHow far Left? 5 (The screen is 200 points high by 300 wide). MR999 ML5HF7GML5HF11GML5HF15Gn. ICD10R40GT0nThe next command to learn is (T)urn. T5nTurn [0]: 5 (I typed T 5 [Return]). HF7Gn"Turn 5" simply turned the design 5 degrees. T10HF1GT15HF7GT20HF1GnRepeated turns can create interesting designs. COO1n (O)val creates oval shapes (Surprise!). BID10R42P.8B nHit O for Oval and the computer will ask you... nOvalness or Rotation (O or R)?: Hit "O" to choose how skinny an oval you want. OO.5nOvalness [1]: .5 (I typed O .5 [Return] for half the normal width). GnThat gives you a tall skinny oval. OO2nOval [.5]: 2 (I typed O O 2 [Return], for "Oval, Ovalness, 2). HF+2GnWhen Oval is larger than 1, you get short fat ovals. nOvalness or Rotation (O or R)?: Pick "R" to set your oval at an angle. OR45nRotation [0]: 45 (I typed O R 45 [Return]). CHF+2GnAnd now you've got an angled oval. CInI think it's about time for you to do some more experimenting on your own... nHit Esc, and practice the commands (P)en, (M)ove, (T)urn, and (O)val You've made it through two lessons now: Hit Esc now! Remember to hit "?" when you want to continue. n. IBCHF11V-15nLESSON 3 - The Commands: Hue, Size, Load/save. CID10R18G HF1nThe next command is Hue. Use this one to change colors. nWith a monochrome screen, Hue just gives you black or white lines. nWith CGA you get 4 colors. With EGA you'll have 16 colors. nHue: Fore, Back, Multicolor, Length (F,B,M,L)? (Start with Foreground color). HF2GnI typed H for Hue, F for Foreground, 2 for Color 2, [Return]. HB4ZHB14ZHB7ZnChange the background by typing "HB" and a number from 0 to 15. CIHM15GnUse "HM" (Hue Multicolor 15) to get constantly changing colors. HM6HL5GnThe "Hue Length" command (H L 5) only affects multicolor designs. T0HM9HL0GnSet "Hue Length" to 0 to make each side a different color. ICSC1nOkay, it's time to teach you to change the size. nWhen you hit S (for Size), you have to make a choice. nSize: Constant, Variable, or Nested [Constant]: You must hit C, V, or N. n"Size: Constant" makes everything the same size; you pick the size. CID20R36 SC.5nI just typed S C .5, so from now on everything will be half-sized. GnDon't use a number larger than 1, if you want to stay on the screen. nNow I'll type S V to enter Size-Variable mode. SVnThis command fixes the ring to the screen in its present size. nThat means from now on, changes to Pen position will act more naturally. nWatch as I set Pen position to .4 and Go. HF+2P.4GnThat's the way a real spirograph would look when the pen is moved. HF+2P1.4nAnd here's a drawing with Pen greater than 1. Gn"Pen position 1.4" looks like this. D-20 nRemember how to draw a design outside the Ring? (Type D -20). P1HF3Gn"Size Variable" also makes that line up like it should. CIBML75OO.75D12R30GHF7P.8GHF3P.6GHF11P.4GHF15P.2G nHere is a variety of Pen positions drawn in "Size: Constant" mode. MR150P1SVHF1GHF7P.8GHF3P.6GHF11P.4GHF15P.2G nAnd these are the same Pen positions drawn in "Size: Variable" mode. nWe still have one size option left, "Size Nested". Let me demonstrate. BD10R36CIG n"Size Nested" will now nest the next drawing inside this one. SNnI typed S N, and now I hit G. HF+4GnThe design fits neatly inside the hole in the middle of any other design. HF+4SNGnEven one that has already been nested. CnBy now, you've probably created some fascinating designs. nYou sure wish you could save some of them. m12nWell, you can. Hit L (For Load/Save). nLoad or Save? Hit S to save your design. nLoad or Save? Or hit L and load a design already saved. nFile name or [Return]: Type in its name if its on disk. nFile name or [Return]: Or hit [Return] to use an image in memory The last design saved is held in computer memory temporarily. This will let you combine different designs artistically. nLet's save a simple design to demonstrate. IBD20R70GWC14P1.6HF5GWC4BLS nI typed "L S [Return]" (For Load/save, Save, to memory). CnWhen you want to restore these designs, you have four choices. nRestore, Negative, Icon, Added? (The four ways to restore an image). LLNn"L L N" (For Load/Save:Load:Negative), gives you a negative image. LLRn"L L R" (For Load Load Restore), loads the image exactly as stored. CT180HF9D6R7GWC1 LLIn"L L I" (I is for Icon), adds or subtracts the image from the screen When you load an Icon, the first time it will draw the image. Do it again and it will erase the image without disturbing the rest of the screen. LLIn"L L I" a second time will remove what you added. LLAn"L L A" (A is for Add), adds the image to the present screen With L L A, any point that was white either on the screen or on the saved image will stay white. nThere are many potential uses for these different Load methods. CInDon't be afraid to experiment Time for another break. Three Lessons down, Two to go. Hit Esc now, and try out what you've learned about Hue, Size, and Load/Save. When you're ready for more don't forget to hit that Question Mark. n. IBCHF15V6MD50WC5n LESSON 4 - The Commands: Wipe, Blank, Quit, Examples. Im11nNow we move on to (W)ipe. nWipe paints the screen, stopping when it hits lines of the current Hue. BD10R45HF5CGLSBWC1 nLike that. I typed "W C 1 [Return]" to wipe using color #1. CnIf you Move the crosshairs outside your drawing you can frame your drawing. ILLRMR100HF5WC3n> The Wipe command paints outward, beginning at the crosshairs that mark the center of your drawing: Move the cross- hairs with the Move command to wipe different sections of a design. LLInYou can also fill your design with a pattern. nI've included 100 patterns to choose from. IHF3WP85nJust pick a pattern (Type W P 85, for example). nHere are a few other Wipe patterns you might choose... CWP25nWipe 25. LLRMR140HF5WP51nWipe 51. nYou get the idea. IHF5WP987654nWipes above 100 give you the same designs in different colors. nThis was Wipe Pattern 987654. nI'll just briefly mention a few other commands you can learn on your own. Bn"Blank menu" (Hit "B") That will get rid of the menu. nUse "B" after you know all the commands by heart. Bm17 n"Quit" (Hit "Q") quits the program. (I bet you already figured that out). m13n"Examples" (Hit "E") draws a few sample designs. CI nThat concludes Lesson 4. Stop and practice Wipe, Blank, Quit, and Examples You're probably tired of having me tell you to hit Esc to end the tutorial, and hit ? to resume, so this will be the last time. n. IBCV-12n LESSON 5 - The Commands: Again, Form, Version, Initialize, Zilch. Cm10n(A)gain command: This command is for creating complex macro commands. Hit A, then type in any list of commands exactly as you would if you were using those commands. But don't hit [Return] until you're finished. You can now run this whole list of commands repeatedly. Just tell the computer how many times. For example: A (Enter the Again command) GWC7SNHF15GWC5SNHF1 [Return] How many times? 3 This command will draw your design (G). Next it fills in the design with color 7 (WC7). Next it does a "Size Nested" command (SN) to make the next design fit inside. It changes the foreground hue (HF15) and draws the new design (G). Then it fills the middle of that design (WC0), does another "Size Nested" command (SN), and changes the foreground hue back to color 1 (HF1). And the command will repeat the series 3 times. Watch this... ICBD5R7P2GWC7SNHF15GWC0SNHF1GWC7SNHF15GWC0SNHF1GWC7SNHF15GWC0SNHF1n. CD10R30n To make this command more powerful, numbers can be preceded by a plus sign to add them to the previous setting. For example: A (For Again) T+3P+-.1HF+2G [Return] How many times? 20 [Return] CYCLOID will Turn the design 3 degrees from its present setting (T+3), and subtract .1 from the present Pen position (P+-.1); it will add 2 to the foreground Hue (HF+2) and draw the design (G). Then it will repeat the whole procedure 19 more times. Observe... IBSVCT+3P+-.1HF+2GT+3P+-.1HF+2GT+3P+-.1HF+2GT+3P+-.1HF+2G T+3P+-.1HF+2GT+3P+-.1HF+2GT+3P+-.1HF+2GT+3P+-.1HF+2G T+3P+-.1HF+2GT+3P+-.1HF+2GT+3P+-.1HF+2GT+3P+-.1HF+2G T+3P+-.1HF+2GT+3P+-.1HF+2GT+3P+-.1HF+2GT+3P+-.1HF+2G T+3P+-.1HF+2GT+3P+-.1HF+2GT+3P+-.1HF+2GT+3P+-.1HF+2Gn. CIBMD20n The next command is "Form:" (Hit "F"). This command toggles between "Form:gears" and "Form:degrees" to allow you to either input Disk and Ring size by the number of gear teeth around their edge, or input the number of Degrees the Disk and Ring will turn, I'll show you what I mean; FD3R90SC.8Gn. ICD20R60nAt the moment Disk has 20 gears and Ring has 60 gears. FnI typed "F" and the menu says Disk is now 18 degrees and Ring is 6 degrees. n"Disk gears 20" equals "Disk degrees 18": 20 gears times 18 degrees equals 360 degrees 60 gears times 6 degrees equals 360 degrees. Cn> There are other differences between "Form:gears" and "Form:degrees which I won't try to explain in this tutorial, you can read about them in the manual. With "Form:gears" I suggested earlier that you use Disk and Ring settings between 10 and 200. With "Form:degrees" you might try any settings between 0 and 360. It is kind of tricky to find combinations that create pleasing designs, but it's worth the effort. "Form:degrees" designs are more angular and much more varied than "Form:gears" designs. One sample for you... IFCD38R286HM3HL1.2Gn. CFnThere are a few more commands available that didn't fit in the menu. nOne hidden command is "V" for Version. Vn"V" tells you what version of CYCLOID you have. nAnother hidden command is "I" for Initialize. In"Initialize" resets most variables to their original values. nAnd then there's "Zilch" which does absolutely nothing but wastes time. nThe "J" command (for Jointedness) makes your designs smoother or less smooth. nJointedness multiplies both Disk and Ring by 1.25 (Ctrl-J divides them both). nIf you forget all these commands, you won't be missing much. n Many of the commands you have learned have additional variations of the command when you use them with the Ctrl key or the Alt key. For example, hold the Alt key down while you press the "E" key (for Examples), and CYCLOID will draw sample designs continuously, choosing Disk, Ring, Pen and Hue settings at random. Or hit Ctrl-H on your EGA monitor to change all the screen colors. Check the manual (or just experiment) to learn all the other uses of these key combinations. CHF5 nNow it's time for you to go it alone. Experiment. Be creative. Be daring. V-8nAnd have a nice day.